Book 4   Unit 1  1. The enormous oil spill on Alaska’s North Slope region in 1989 was a(n) disaster（灾难）for Alaskan sea animals.  2. Due to the lack of labor force, even women in this village were compelled（强迫） to work in the coal mines.  3. The travel agency promised to offer foreign travelers everything from historical（历史的）monuments and castles to modern leisure activities.  4. According to the rules set by the company, anyone who is regularly late for work is likely to be disciplined（训练）or dismissed.  5. People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction（灭亡）since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.  6. The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output（产量）of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency.  7. Under the severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat（撤退）from the front.  8. Survival of the Fittest is a(n) eternal（永恒的）truth of nature.  9. The military government refused to transfer（转移） power to a democratically elected civilian government.  10. Deforesting and global warming threaten（威胁到）to ruin the current and future state of our environment.  U2   1. Patients who had been given the new drug were asked tomonitor（监视）their progress and report to the doctor down to the smallest detail.  2. Private space travel is a relatively newphenomenon（现象）. It's difficult at the moment to assess itseffects.  3. All of us need to build up relationships with others unless we choose to live in completeisolation（隔绝）from the outside world.  4. Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has been delighted to see a(n) gradual （逐渐的）change in the boy's character; he seems less self-centered now. 5. Quillswere the chief writing tool from the 6th century until theadvent（出现）of steel pens in the mid 19th century.  6. I don't think she's consciously（意思到地） rude to you – she has just lost her new car and feels badabout it.  7. The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty（丑恶的）after acouple of hours.  8. The consumerboom（繁荣）of the 1980s led to an explosion of shopping centre development inbig cities around the country.  9. You shouldn't use "Yours faithfully" – it's tooformal（规范的）for this kind of personal letter.  10. Temperatures willsoar（骤升）into 38°C over the weekend due to the heat wave, says the weatherforecaster. 11. According to a(n) survey（调查）among 1000 residents, garbage collection service in the city is farfrom satisfactory. 

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  12. The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years.similarly（同样地） fuel prices havefallen quite considerably.  13. In my childhood memories, we were living a(n)rough（简陋的） but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.  Unit  4  1. Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood, and there is a real danger of  mass（大量的）starvation.   2. It’s incredible that when he gambled（赌博）, he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing.  3. The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary（自愿的）work and render social services in the less developed regions.   4. Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted（猎杀）for the tusks.  5. Wines can be classified（分类）as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.  6. Slavery was abolished（废除） in Canada in 1833, and the Canadian authorities then encouraged slaves from America to settle down on their land.  7. Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation--- the division（n.分配） between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp. 8. The mass media commented that the young man’s suicide was nothing but a senseless（毫无意义的，无目的的） waste of his life.     9. The younger generation should not just seek for the latest fashions（时尚）; they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life.   U7  1. I don't think it necessary to furnish(陈设家具于.......） our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.   2. He made a firm resolve（决定) to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that he had a heart trouble.   3. To reduce the risks of railway accidents, we spend over ten million yuan on maintaining(维持）the railway lines every year.   4. My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives. For one thing, they never discarded（丢弃）anything that was still of use; for another, they never purchased things on impulse.   5. The government has refused to sanction（批准，认可）a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.   6. As Linda is a career woman and her husband works abroad, they cannot raise（抚养）their newborn son all by themselves and have to employ a babysitter on a fixed term of five years.   7. My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip（除去.....不必要的细节，使精炼） the original paint off the walls before they started painting.  8. When we learned that the local college had only the bare（刚刚够的，勉强的） essentials in terms of equipment, we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.  

 

  9. The Jones purchased a second-hand car for $1200; it was a real bargain（便宜货）, but I wonder how long it will last.   10. It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time. If you cannot understand the original, you may read the simplified（使简易，简化）versions which are also available in the local bookstore.   11. Sam said to the girl, "I will trade（用.....交换） you some of my chocolate for some of your ice cream."  汉译英 U1  1. 这个村子离边境很近，村民们一直担心会受到敌人的攻击。(in fear of)  The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.  2. 这个国家仅用了20年的时间就发展成了一个先进的工业强国。(transform) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.  3. 鉴于目前的金融形势，美元进一步贬值(devalue)是不可避免的。(inevitable) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.  4. 天气没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。 (show signs of; call upon)  The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.  U2  1. 他的确懂得很多理论，但是，一碰到实际工作就显得非常无知。  He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.  2. 最新调查表明，大多数市民支持政府再建一个新图书馆的计划。(survey)  The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.  3. 这两个国家之所以能够成功的达成科学家技术协定是因为有利于他们进行 合作的好几种因素一直在发挥作用。(at work)  The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.  4. 我在上小学时候就看过那部电影，可就是一时想不出它的名字来。  I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.  5. 尽管他每天工作12小时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中。  He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.

  6. 有必要知道他的身高吗？在我看来，这与他是否成为一个好的律师没有关 系。  Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.  7. 橱柜被安装在墙里，既节约空间，使用起来又方便。(build…into…)  The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.  8. 这些工人挣的钱比我们多，可话又说回来，他们的工作也危险得多。  These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.  9. 海伦在大学里学的是经济学，与此同时她把哲学作为第二专业来学习。  Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.  10. 重要的是你们要自己发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场无关紧要。  What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.  U 4  1. 她对自己的新工作很满意，因为这份工作正好与她的兴趣相符。  She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests. 2. 因为腿部受伤，我没有参加上个月学校举行的网球锦标赛。（go in for）  I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.  U 7  1. 她是一位很能干的家庭主妇，但喜欢凭一时冲动购物，厨房橱柜里总是堆满乱七八糟的东西，最终还是会丢弃的。(impulse; discard)   She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse. Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded.  2. 大学生应该有决心过节俭生活，不要和别人比阔气或追求时尚；要知道：钱这东西，只有积少才会成多。(resolve; keep up with the Joneses)  University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads. They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves.  3. 这对夫妻都是大公司的高层管理人员，忙得没有时间做饭，一星期至少有5天在外面吃饭。(eat out)   The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies. They eat out at least five days a week due to the lack of time for home cooking.  4. 这两处签名十分相似，即使是有经验的专家恐怕也难辨别出它们之间的差别。 The two signatures areall of a piece. Even experienced experts may find it difficult to identify any difference between them.  5. 杂志的编辑把附在文后的图片都删掉了，因为该文的长度只能限制在两页之内。The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attached to the article because the length of the article was restricted to only two pages. 

  6. 作为常务委员会成员，近三年来他一直在处理失业和交通问题。(tackle )  As a member of the standing committee, he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during the past three years.  7. 老人生前立下遗嘱，要把他一生的积蓄作为奖学金献给我们的学校，他的决定得到了子女们的认可。(give away; sanction)   The old man made a will before his death, giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships, a decision sanctioned by his children.  8. 那个医生向他的病人保证，只要他连续服用这种药3个月，每日3次，他的病就彻底好了。(without interruption; for good)   The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three times a day for three months without interruption, he would recover from the illness for good. 9. 回顾过去的经历时，我才意识到四年的大学生活是我一生中最无忧无虑的时刻。(look back)   Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I realize that my four-year period at university was the most care-free time in my life.  10. 要想在技术创新方面超过别人，我们必须时刻掌握科学技术领域所有的新思想和新发展。  If we want to excel others in technological innovation, we must keep track of all the new ideas and developments in the field of science and technology.      英译汉（课文翻译） U 1  1.  Humanity converts nature’s wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. 人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。  2. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.人们不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境,也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生改变。 3. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as somethinghostile to man. 大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。  4. This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant theplaces where man had made his home, where the earth wascultivated, where the forest had been cut down. 这一切都是打着―文明‖的旗号进行的。所谓―文明‖，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。  5. We are connected with nature by ―blood‖ ties and we can not live outside nature. 我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。  6. At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown signs of breaking down. 目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。 

  7. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance（物质）, for example, as fresh water. 人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。 8. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. 年轻人或许很少注意这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。 9. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older. 但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。  10. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man’s destruction of the biosphere (生物圈) inevitable? 自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？  U2  1. By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans are better off than they were in the middle of the last century. 那么，根据大多数衡量标准，你会说，现在的美国人比上个世纪中叶富裕多了。  2. It’s hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were like before the new technology came along.要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在心原来如此困难。 3. Telemarketing, traffic jam, and identity theft all come to mind.  我们马上回想到电话推销、交通堵塞以及身份资料失窃等情况。  4. Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology makes no difference?   那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作用呢？ 5. Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you find that they are no happier than they were in 1946.不过，奇怪的是，如果你问美国人有多幸福，你会发现，他们并不比1946年时幸福。  6. It’s as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning. 这种失望感仿佛从开始购买这件产品时就已存在了。  7. One of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.  我们有把握说清楚的事情没有几件，其中之一是：人们的朋友越多，关系越密切，就越幸福。  8. Before the Industrial Revolution, two out of every three Europeans died before the age of 30. Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase. 工业革命以前，每三个欧洲人就有两个寿命不足30岁。今天，西欧妇女的寿命差不多是80岁，而且还会继续提高。 9. The point is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was nasty, rough, and short.  道理很清楚：绝大多数人很乐意活下去，他们在地球上生活的时间越长，感觉就越好。可是，在此之前，绝大多数人还过着龌龊不堪、畜生般的生活，而且生命非常短暂。  10. It’s like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be  as big as possible. 这就像那个古老的笑话一样：食品也许并不好，可我们都想让自己得到的那一份尽量大。 

  U 4  1. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. 一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。  2. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it。如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。  3. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently.对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时。  4. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion. 而另一方面，对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制。  5. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do.如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是一个工作者。  6. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.再者，广大民众也不会再去狩猎，因为，要不了多久可供猎取的动物就没有了。  7. When one recalls how aristocracies(贵族们) in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. 当人们回想起过去贵族们的举止行为时，前景并非乐观。  8. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work.  工作者很少从事暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上。  9. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase ―getting one’s teeth into a problem‖.“敌对心理”在脑力劳动中的作用可以在“紧紧咬住问题”这个短语里得到恰如其分的表达。   

   U 7  1.What we’re talking about is simplification, not deprivation.  我们讨论的是简化生活，不是物质匮乏。  2.Some of the old habits seem so wasteful and unsatisfying that you really lose your taste for them.  一些旧的习惯看上去是那么的浪费和不令人满意，你真的对它们失去了兴趣。 3 .So you still have everything you want—only on less money.  所以你仍然拥有你需要的每一件东西—只不过不需要花那么多的钱罢了。 4. They began to take an interest in the concept of ―voluntary simplicity‖ with the birth of their daughter.随着女儿的出世，他们开始对“自愿简朴”的理念产生了兴趣。  5. The couple’s decision was to trade two full-time careers for two half-time careers and to curtail consumption.  这对夫妻的决定是把两份全职工作换成两份半日工作，并且削减消费。 6. Small by most standards, it is easy to clean, furnish, maintain and heat.  按许多标准来看，房子虽然小了点，却容易清扫、布置、维修和供暖。  7. How can they maintain a high standard of living that provides ―everything‖ they want?  他们如何能够维持足以提供他们想要的“一切”的那样一种高生活水平呢？ 8. By sifting and discarding, by keeping track of what they have, Sara and Michael have a clear idea of what they really want.通过筛选和丢弃并凭借他们对所拥有的东西的了解，萨拉和迈克尔清楚地知道他们到底真正需要什么。 9. That yearning feeling that’s so much a part of this culture goes on forever. 那种渴望获得更多东西的感觉是我们这个文化的一个重要组成部分，而且还会永远继续下去。  10. For everyone thinking of simplifying life, there is only one basic rule: If it isn’t satisfying, don’t do it.  对于任何一个想简化自己生活的人来说，基本规则只有一个：如果一件事不令人满意，那就索性不要去做